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张铃 （定西中学 张铃）
不定冠词是限定词中的一类，是一种虚词，一般用来修饰单数可数名词，但有时也可修饰不可数名词。
一、类别用法
１．除表示某一类人或事物外，用在作补足语和同位语的名词之前，泛指某人的职业、阶级等。例如：
Mr Zhang is considered(to be)an excellent English teacher.
Wang Ling,amaths teacher,is to give us a lecture tomorrow.
但如果这一职位在一个时期内只由一个担任或表示称号、头衔时，则不用冠词。例如：
In 1860,Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States.
２．在名词带有一个描绘性定语时用不定冠词。例如：
I’m going to borrow’a French novel to read.（描绘性不定式）
A certain boy saw a big dog run out of the gate last Sunday.（描绘性形容词。常在讲故事时用，表明讲故事的人心中的具体人，但尚未告诉人们是谁）
二、指量用法
１．不定冠词除表示“一个”（I’ll be back in a day or two.）及“每一”（Take the medicine three times a day）的意义之外，在“of＋a＋名词”的结构中，表示“同一”、“相同”之意。例如：
Comrade Li and I are nearly of an age.老李跟我年龄大致相同。
My elder brother’s shoes and mine are of a size.我哥哥的鞋跟我的一样大小（一个号）。
２．a与One同源。但强调数目概念时用“One”，并要重读。例如：
There’s only'one way to go.
No'one boy can carry it.
试比较：
I have a picture book.（并非强调一本）
I have'One picture book.（只有一本，没有两本、三本）。
三、用在不可数名词前，表示有一种特殊含义
１．用在一些表示动作的名词（reat,walk,look,try,sleep,breath…）之前表示“一次”、“一下”、“一会儿”等。例如：
Let’s have a rest.
He made a second try.
After looking round,he decided to have a look upstairs.
２．表示“一种”、“一类”。例如：
“You don’t understand,”said Joe,a cruel light shining in hiseyes.“你不懂，”乔说，眼睛里闪着（一种）凶狠的光。
As a child,he had to make a living.
３．表示风、雨等的“一阵”。例如：
An hour later,he was woken up by a violent knocking on his door.
That’s why we are most likely to see worms after a heavy rain.
４．表示“某种程度”。例如：
China has a population of over one billion.
A Frenchman had caught a very bad cold.
He seemed to be in a fever.
５．表示饮料的“一份”、“一种”。例如：
Mao-tai is a famous Chinese wine.
I want a black coffee.
四、其他用法
１．常用在quite,few,rather,many,half,such,what等词之后。例如：
He is rather a fool.
What a wonderful film you have seen.
He has been to Lanzhow many a time.(=many times)
又如：half an hour,quite a big…
２．常用在so（as,too,how）＋形容词之后。例如：
She is as clever a girl as you wish to meet.
It’s too difficult a lesson for us to understand.
We have not had so cold a day as this for many weeks.
How fine a day it is！
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